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國合會特邀顧問巴布納：中國可引領(lǐng)全球綠色貿(mào)易發(fā)展
中國環(huán)境與發(fā)展國際合作委員會（國合會）設(shè)立了全球綠色價值鏈專題政策研究項目，旨在全球產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移、貿(mào)易形式與政策變化背景下，探討中國在全球價值鏈綠色轉(zhuǎn)型和重塑中發(fā)揮的作用，為中國推動全球價值鏈綠色轉(zhuǎn)型和重塑提供明確、具體、可操作的政策建議和路線圖。
The CCICED has initiated a Special Policy Study (SPS) on Global Green Value Chains to explore China's role in the greening and reshaping of global value chains in the context of global industrial shift, trade patterns and policy changes, and provide clear, specific, actionable policy recommendations and roadmap on how China can fuel the green transition and reshaping of global value chains.
國合會委員、溢達集團董事長楊敏德女士擔(dān)任專題中方組長；國合會特邀顧問、世界資源研究所副主席巴布納先生擔(dān)任專題外方組長。
Ms. Marjorie YANG, CCICED Member and Chairman of Esquel Group is the Chinese Team Leader, while Mr. Manish Bapna, CCICED Special Advisor and Executive Vice President and Managing Director of World Resources Institute serves as the International Team Leader of the SPS.
2020年1月16日中國日報刊登了對世界資源研究所執(zhí)行副主席Manish Bapna的專訪《China can lead global green trade drive》。
Manish Bapna
CCICED Special Advisor
Manish Bapna is the Executive Vice President and Managing Director of the World Resources Institute.
As we approach the Year of the Rat and begin a new 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac, three profound challenges face the world: how to build a more stable and efficient trading system, tackle climate change, and protect biodiversity.
隨著鼠年臨近，新一輪十二生肖循環(huán)即將開始。此刻，全球面臨三個重大挑戰(zhàn)：如何構(gòu)建更加穩(wěn)定和高效的貿(mào)易體系，如何應(yīng)對氣候變化，如何保護生物多樣性。
China has a pivotal role to play in all three. As the world's second-largest economy, China's evolving trade relations, especially with the United States, have huge global economic implications. As one of the world's largest greenhouse gas emitters, China's actions will be carefully monitored as countries are scheduled to meet in Glasgow, Scotland, in November for the next major international climate conference. And as host of the most important international conference on biodiversity in decades, China is expected to make concrete commitments to move this agenda forward. What may be less apparent is that the three challenges are interlinked.
在應(yīng)對上述三大挑戰(zhàn)方面，中國具有重要作用。中國是全球第二大經(jīng)濟體，貿(mào)易關(guān)系（尤其是中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系）迅速發(fā)展，對全球產(chǎn)生巨大的經(jīng)濟影響；今年11月，新一屆國際氣候大會將在蘇格蘭格拉斯哥舉行，作為全球最大的溫室氣體排放國之一，中國的一舉一動將備受矚目；中國即將主辦數(shù)十年來最為重要的國際生物多樣性大會，各國期待中國做出具體承諾推動生物多樣性議程。容易忽略的是，上述三大挑戰(zhàn)實際是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。
One bold response to all three is for China to make its supply chains more environmentally and socially sustainable, especially for agricultural commodities such as soy, beef, palm oil and timber.
面對三大挑戰(zhàn)，中國可采取大膽應(yīng)對措施：提高供應(yīng)鏈的環(huán)保性和社會可持續(xù)性，尤其是在大豆、牛肉、棕櫚油和木材等農(nóng)產(chǎn)品方面。
Why is this important?
這一舉措為何重要？
Global demand for these commodities, often sourced from tropical countries, is surging as population and affluence increase. This is causing significant forest loss and degradation: roughly 40 percent of tropical deforestation over the past decade is a result of expansion in agriculture. This loss of forest cover, along with the impact of other agriculture production and land use, in turn, contributes about 23 percent to global greenhouse gas emissions.
這些商品通常從熱帶國家采購，隨著全球人口和財富的增長，這些商品的全球需求也在不斷激增，從而造成了嚴重的森林流失和退化：過去10年中，約40%的熱帶毀林原因歸結(jié)于農(nóng)業(yè)擴張。森林面積流失、其他農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和土地使用影響產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放占全球排放總量的23%。
A stable climate is not the only casualty. One million animal and plant species are now threatened with extinction, more than ever before in human history, according to a 2019 UN report. The climate and Earth's living web of nature are the planet's "operating systems", and their disruption poses massive threats to human well-being and development.
溫室氣體排放不僅破壞了穩(wěn)定的氣候。2019年聯(lián)合國報告指出，100萬個動植物物種正瀕臨滅絕，數(shù)量超過了人類歷史上任何時期。氣候和地球的自然生命網(wǎng)是地球的“運轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)”，一旦遭到破壞，就會對人類福祉和發(fā)展構(gòu)成巨大威脅。
Sustainable production of commodities depends on the ecosystem services that a healthy environment provides, including soil formation and retention, water quantity and quality, and natural pest controls. Deforestation can disrupt these vital processes and impede production. So it is in China's interest to invest in commodity supply chains that are stable and sustainable over the long run, and China's government agencies and businesses are currently considering how to move in this direction.
可持續(xù)的商品生產(chǎn)依賴于健康環(huán)境提供的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)，包括土壤形成和保持、水量和水質(zhì)、自然害蟲防控等。毀林會破壞上述重要進程并阻礙生產(chǎn)。同時，對具有長期穩(wěn)定性和可持續(xù)性的商品供應(yīng)鏈進行投資也符合中國利益。中國政府部門和企業(yè)正在考慮如何朝這一方向行動。
Why China?
為何中國發(fā)揮重要作用？
Nearly two years ago, China integrated the concepts of "ecological civilization" and "a community of shared future for mankind" into its Constitution. It can now bring these concepts to life by focusing on its supply chains. As the world's largest importer of soybean, timber and beef, China's motivation to shift decisively toward greening its supply chains is both economic and political.
大約兩年前，中國將“生態(tài)文明”和“人類命運共同體”的理念寫入憲法。現(xiàn)在，中國通過大力關(guān)注供應(yīng)鏈建設(shè)，將為上述理念注入真正的生命。中國是全球最大的大豆、木材和牛肉進口國，對于中國而言，迅速建設(shè)綠色供應(yīng)鏈具有經(jīng)濟和政治雙重效益。
First, the economic argument. Consumer preferences in China and around the world are rapidly changing toward more sustainable commodities. Many governments are adopting more stringent environmental standards for imports of commodities.
首先，經(jīng)濟原因。中國和全球消費者的偏好正迅速轉(zhuǎn)向更具可持續(xù)性的商品。許多政府已對進口商品采取更加嚴格的環(huán)保標準。
Businesses and investors are also embracing sustainability criteria, recognizing that conducting business as usual is not in their self-interest. For example, theNew York Declaration on Forests and the Tropical Forest Alliance bring together national and subnational governments, multinational companies, indigenous community groups and non-governmental organizations with the aim to halt deforestation.
企業(yè)和投資者也在接受可持續(xù)性標準，認識到按常規(guī)模式經(jīng)營不符合自身利益。例如，紐約森林宣言（the New York Declaration on Forest）和熱帶森林聯(lián)盟(Tropical Forest Alliance）以停止毀林為目標，匯集了國家及地方政府、跨國公司、原著社區(qū)團體和非政府組織等各方力量。
The Consumer Goods Forum, an international business group with some 400 members, has resolved to achieve net-zero deforestation.
消費品論壇（Consumer Goods Forum）是一個擁有約400名會員的國際商業(yè)團體，已決心實現(xiàn)凈零毀林目標。
This creates a risk for countries and companies not able to respond nimbly to these changing policies and attitudes, while offering an exciting market opportunity for those able to demonstrate that their procurement or production of commodities is green.
對于那些無法對政策和態(tài)度變化作出敏捷反應(yīng)的國家和企業(yè)而言，這一挑戰(zhàn)構(gòu)成了風(fēng)險；而對于能夠展示其商品采購和生產(chǎn)符合環(huán)保要求的國家和企業(yè)而言，這一挑戰(zhàn)卻帶來了令人興奮的市場機遇。
Timber is a case in point. In 2008, the US amended its laws to ban the trade of illegally sourced wood, while in the last decade, the European Union, Australia, Japan and the Republic of Korea have adopted similar legislation. China can get ahead of this wave by ensuring the timber and other commodities it procures are legal and thus promote its economic interests.
以木材為例。2008年，美國修改了法律，禁止對非法采購的木材進行貿(mào)易，過去十年，歐盟、澳大利亞、日本和韓國也制定了類似法律。中國可以趕超這一潮流，確保其采購的木材和其他商品具有合法性，以此提升經(jīng)濟利益。
Second, the political argument. At a time when the international community is looking for leadership, greening value chains could generate significant political dividends for China. This stance can help position China positively in support of global environment and development agreements, including around the sustainable development goals, climate change, and biodiversity. The reputational upside for China to move in this direction should not be underestimated.
其二，政治原因。當(dāng)前國際社會正在尋求新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，此時建設(shè)綠色價值鏈可為中國創(chuàng)造巨大的政治紅利。這一姿態(tài)有助于幫助中國積極定位，支持可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標、氣候變化、生物多樣性等全球環(huán)境和發(fā)展協(xié)議。中國將從中獲得巨大的口碑效應(yīng)，這點不容低估。
China is in a position to make a meaningful difference on these issues, advancing its own interests while at the same time promoting the concept of an ecological civilization globally.
中國有能力在應(yīng)對上述挑戰(zhàn)方面發(fā)揮巨大作用，在推進自身利益的同時，在全球推廣生態(tài)文明理念。
There are steps China can take relatively easily including adjusting policy and legal measures to incentivize greener supply chains; integrating green criteria into trade, investment and finance; and using its growing development assistance portfolio to assist countries producing these commodities in achieving their own greening objectives. China's economic power means that steps to green its value chains will encourage other countries to do the same.
中國也可采取一些相對容易的措施，包括調(diào)整政策和法律措施，激勵建設(shè)更加環(huán)保的供應(yīng)鏈；將綠色標準融入貿(mào)易、投資和金融；通過不斷擴大的發(fā)展援助項目幫助其他國家生產(chǎn)上述商品，實現(xiàn)自身的環(huán)保目標。中國擁有巨大的經(jīng)濟實力，這就意味著中國建設(shè)綠色價值鏈的措施將激勵其他國家紛紛效仿。
In 2020, China has several opportunities to demonstrate its growing global leadership on pressing environmental challenges. This is going to be a big year for China and the world. It demands big ideas from all of us.
2020年，中國將有很多機遇去展示其在應(yīng)對緊迫環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)方面不斷增長的全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力。對于中國和世界而言，2020年意義重大，也需要我們每個人貢獻大智慧。
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