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生態(tài)環(huán)境部、國家統(tǒng)計局、農業(yè)農村部等15個單位和部門聯(lián)合于2017—2019年開展了第二次全國污染源普查工作。《第二次全國污染源普查公報》（以下簡稱《公報》）日前正式發(fā)布。6月10日，國新辦舉行新聞發(fā)布會，介紹《公報》有關情況。

第二次全國污染源普查標準時點是2017年12月31日，時期資料是2017年度，經歷了前期準備、全面普查和總結發(fā)布三個階段。

生態(tài)環(huán)境部副部長趙英民表示，“這次污染源普查，是對全面摸清建設美麗中國生態(tài)環(huán)境底數(shù)的一次重大國情調查，意義非常重大。普查摸清了全國各類污染源的基本情況，各類污染源的數(shù)量、結構和分布狀況。”《公報》顯示，2017年底，全國各類污染源數(shù)量是358.32萬個（不含移動源），其中工業(yè)源247.74萬個，生活源63.95萬個，畜禽規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場37.88萬個，集中式污染治理設施8.4萬個。

第一次全國污染源普查標準時點是2007年12月31日。與10年前相比，本次普查數(shù)據的變化，反映出過去10年我國大力推進生態(tài)文明建設所取得的成就。

“與第一次普查數(shù)據同口徑相比，主要污染物排放量大幅下降。2017年，二氧化硫、化學需氧量、氮氧化物等污染物排放量比2007年分別下降了72%、46%和34%。”趙英民表示。

和2007年相比，全國造紙、鋼鐵、水泥等行業(yè)的產品產量分別增加61%、50%和71%，企業(yè)數(shù)量分別減少24%、50%和37%，造紙行業(yè)化學需氧量減少84%，鋼鐵行業(yè)二氧化硫減少54%，水泥行業(yè)氮氧化物減少23%。這說明產業(yè)結構調整成效顯著，經濟發(fā)展質量在提升，企業(yè)數(shù)量少了，但產能集中度高了，在產品產量增加的同時，污染物排放量在大幅度下降，單位產品排污量大幅下降。

2017年，工業(yè)企業(yè)廢水處理、脫硫、除塵等設施數(shù)量分別是2007年的2.4倍、3.3倍和5倍，都是數(shù)倍于10年前污染治理設施的數(shù)量。和10年前相比，城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠的數(shù)量增加了5.4倍，處理能力增加了1.7倍，實際污水處理量增加了2.1倍。生活垃圾處置廠數(shù)量10年間增加了86%，危險廢物集中利用處置廠數(shù)量增加了8.22倍。這顯示，污染治理能力明顯提升。

據介紹，本次普查形成了1800余張數(shù)據庫表，1.5萬余個數(shù)據字段，1.5億多條數(shù)據記錄，健全了重點污染源檔案和污染源信息數(shù)據庫，形成了第二次全國污染源普查“一張圖”。

“通過普查，我們看到，一方面取得了很大的進步，另一方面也反映了幾個問題。”趙英民表示，這些問題為下一步抓好生態(tài)環(huán)境保護工作、改善生態(tài)環(huán)境質量摸清了家底，指明了方向。我國生態(tài)環(huán)境治理體系和治理能力還需要進一步提高。

目前，普查成果已經廣泛應用于污染防治攻堅戰(zhàn)，為加強污染源監(jiān)管、重點地區(qū)監(jiān)督幫扶、排污許可證核發(fā)、環(huán)境風險排查、重大科技攻關項目等各項工作提供了基礎支撐，為精準、科學、依法治污提供有力支撐。

Significant decline made due to nation's efforts to optimize industrial structures

China has seen vast reductions in emissions of major pollutants, in stark contrast with increased output in the industrial and agricultural sectors. Meanwhile, the country's pollutant disposal capabilities have been increasingly enhanced, according to the latest national census of pollution sources.

Villagers row a boat on Baiyangdian Lake in Xiongan New Area, Hebei province. [Photo/China Daily]

From 2007 to 2017, emissions of sulfur dioxide fell 72 percent, while emissions of chemical oxygen demand declined by 46 percent and oxynitride emissions decreased by 34 percent, Vice-Minister of Ecology and Environment Zhao Yingmin said at a news conference for the release of the Bulletin on the Second National Census of Pollution Sources.

"This shows the great achievements China has made in its pollution control campaign in recent years," he said at a news conference organized by the State Council Information Office.

Despite continuous increases in their output, major industrial sectors in the country have seen emissions of pollutants decline significantly thanks to the country's efforts to optimize industrial structures, he said.

While the output of the papermaking industry rose by 61 percent and steel industry output increased by 50 percent, the number of companies in the two sectors respectively decreased by 24 percent and 50 percent, he noted.

Meanwhile, emissions of chemical oxygen demand from the papermaking industry plummeted by 84 percent during the period, while discharges of sulfur dioxide from the steel industry dropped by 54 percent, he added.

"The quality of economic development in the 10 years has been greatly enhanced," he stressed.

He said the country's pollutant disposal capacity has also significantly intensified. Nationally, compared with the end of 2007, the number of facilities in industrial companies for industrial sewage disposal, desulfuration and dust extraction respectively increased by 1.4, 2.3 and four times in 2017.

Liao Xiyuan, head of technology and education at the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, also noted marked decreases in pollutant emissions in the agriculture sector during the period. Emissions of total nitrogen in the sector, for example, slumped by 48 percent as the grain yield increased from 500 million metric tons to 660 million metric tons.

Zhao said the census, which was conducted from 2017 to 2019, is of great significance for the country's efforts to win the campaign on pollution control and will offer strong support for China's environmental protection work.

"The results of the census show the ecological and environmental protection situation in the country. Especially, it reveals the latest and most comprehensive information on sectors, regions, industries and pollutants that should be key to the country's future ecological and environmental protection work," he said.

It shows, for example, that agriculture and domestic sources are major contributors to water pollution, and motor vehicles are major sources of oxynitride and volatile organic compounds. Different from traditional concentrated emissions, these sources pose greater challenges in terms of management and supervision, he said.

The census also showed that the environmental infrastructure in the country's rural and western areas still lags behind, and investment needs to be increased to address these problems, he continued.

He said the results of the census have been widely applied to serve the country's pollution control campaign. A database of almost 3.6 million pollution sources has been established and will support the country's efforts in enhancing pollution source management and environmental hazard screening.