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近日，國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委、自然資源部聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《全國(guó)重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)和修復(fù)重大工程總體規(guī)劃（2021—2035年）》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱《規(guī)劃》）。6月11日，國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委會(huì)同自然資源部、國(guó)家林草局舉行新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，就當(dāng)前我國(guó)生態(tài)保護(hù)和修復(fù)面臨的形勢(shì)、怎樣保護(hù)和修復(fù)母親河等熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了回應(yīng)。

《規(guī)劃》稱，目前，我國(guó)生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量呈現(xiàn)穩(wěn)中向好趨勢(shì)，各類自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)惡化趨勢(shì)基本得到遏制，穩(wěn)定性逐步增強(qiáng)，重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程區(qū)生態(tài)質(zhì)量持續(xù)改善，國(guó)家重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區(qū)生態(tài)服務(wù)功能穩(wěn)步提升，國(guó)家生態(tài)安全屏障骨架基本構(gòu)筑。

《規(guī)劃》明確，到2035年，通過(guò)大力實(shí)施重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)和修復(fù)重大工程，全面加強(qiáng)生態(tài)保護(hù)和修復(fù)工作，全國(guó)森林、草原、荒漠、河湖、濕地、海洋等自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)狀況實(shí)現(xiàn)根本好轉(zhuǎn)，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量明顯改善，優(yōu)質(zhì)生態(tài)產(chǎn)品供給能力基本滿足人民群眾需求，人與自然和諧共生的美麗畫卷基本繪就。

《規(guī)劃》提出了“堅(jiān)持保護(hù)優(yōu)先，自然恢復(fù)為主”“堅(jiān)持科學(xué)治理，推進(jìn)綜合施策”等基本原則；將重大工程重點(diǎn)布局在青藏高原生態(tài)屏障區(qū)、黃河重點(diǎn)生態(tài)區(qū)（含黃土高原生態(tài)屏障）、長(zhǎng)江重點(diǎn)生態(tài)區(qū)（含川滇生態(tài)屏障）、東北森林帶、北方防沙帶、南方丘陵山地帶、海岸帶等重點(diǎn)區(qū)域，根據(jù)各區(qū)域的自然生態(tài)狀況、主要生態(tài)問(wèn)題，研究提出了主攻方向。

《規(guī)劃》是推進(jìn)全國(guó)重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)和修復(fù)重大工程建設(shè)的總體設(shè)計(jì)，是編制和實(shí)施有關(guān)重大工程專項(xiàng)建設(shè)規(guī)劃的重要依據(jù)，對(duì)推動(dòng)全國(guó)生態(tài)保護(hù)和修復(fù)工作具有戰(zhàn)略性、指導(dǎo)性作用。

《規(guī)劃》在長(zhǎng)江重點(diǎn)生態(tài)區(qū)布局了橫斷山區(qū)水源涵養(yǎng)與生物多樣性保護(hù)，長(zhǎng)江上中游巖溶地區(qū)石漠化綜合治理，大巴山區(qū)生物多樣性保護(hù)與生態(tài)修復(fù)，三峽庫(kù)區(qū)生態(tài)綜合治理，洞庭湖、鄱陽(yáng)湖等河湖、濕地保護(hù)和恢復(fù)，大別山區(qū)水土保持與生態(tài)修復(fù)，武陵山區(qū)生物多樣性保護(hù)，長(zhǎng)江重點(diǎn)生態(tài)區(qū)礦山生態(tài)修復(fù)8個(gè)重點(diǎn)工程；在黃河重點(diǎn)生態(tài)區(qū)布局了黃土高原水土流失綜合治理、秦嶺生態(tài)保護(hù)和修復(fù)、賀蘭山生態(tài)保護(hù)和修復(fù)、黃河下游生態(tài)保護(hù)和修復(fù)、黃河重點(diǎn)生態(tài)區(qū)礦山生態(tài)修復(fù)5個(gè)重點(diǎn)工程。

《規(guī)劃》提出，到2035年，以國(guó)家公園為主體的自然保護(hù)地占陸域國(guó)土面積18%以上，瀕危野生動(dòng)植物及其棲息地得到全面保護(hù)。

據(jù)悉，2015年以來(lái)，我國(guó)先后開展了三江源國(guó)家公園、祁連山國(guó)家公園、東北虎豹國(guó)家公園、大熊貓國(guó)家公園、熱帶雨林國(guó)家公園等10個(gè)國(guó)家公園試點(diǎn)，覆蓋面積22.29萬(wàn)平方公里。近年來(lái)，我國(guó)大力推動(dòng)國(guó)家公園的保護(hù)和建設(shè)，國(guó)家公園內(nèi)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)得到了恢復(fù)。

另外，國(guó)家公園體制試點(diǎn)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，各個(gè)國(guó)家公園都建立了國(guó)家公園管理局、管理分局和管護(hù)站，管護(hù)體系初步建立起來(lái)。

今后要實(shí)施好國(guó)家公園保護(hù)修復(fù)工程，健全國(guó)家公園的保護(hù)制度，推動(dòng)建立統(tǒng)一的國(guó)家公園管理體制，出臺(tái)國(guó)家公園設(shè)立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，制定國(guó)家公園總體布局和發(fā)展規(guī)劃，推動(dòng)國(guó)家公園立法工作，發(fā)揮典型引路作用，推動(dòng)國(guó)家公園高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。

China released a comprehensive 15-year plan for ecological protection and recovery work, setting a target to improve the country's environment and achieve the goal of building a Beautiful China by 2035.

In an effort to strengthen the shields for ecological security and protect biodiversity, nine major projects and 47 key tasks have been underlined in the plan, which was jointly issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Natural Resources.

Trees cover a hillside in Wuqi, Shaanxi province, the first county involved in the Conversion of Cropland to Forest and Grassland Program, in last June. [Photo/Xinhua]

In the next 15 years, China will expand its forest coverage to 26 percent and have 75 percent of recoverable sandy land under control, according to the plan released by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Natural Resources.

Moreover, China will maintain the area of natural forest at 200 million hectares and guarantee that 60 percent of its wetlands will be under protection, according to the plan.

The plan also aims to safeguard at least 35 percent of the country's natural coastlines and prevent the marine ecological condition from worsening.

In the past decades, China has built 2,750 natural reserves covering 1.47 million square kilometers, accounting for 15 percent of the country's land area, according to the Ministry of Natural Resources.

In August, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration announced that China's forest coverage had soared from 12 percent in the 1980s to 22.9 percent last year. In the area of the Three-North Shelterbelt Program alone, forest coverage rose from 5 percent in 1977 to 13 percent in 2017, reclaiming 336,000 square kilometers of desertified land.

However, there are still some challenges as the quality of its ecological systems still needs to be improved, and some regions are sacrificing the local environment to boost short-term economic growth, said Wu Xiao, director of the NDRC's department in charge of agriculture and rural economy.

"We are also facing the great challenge of protecting the country's water resources as well as its marine ecological system. A multiple solution system should be built with more involvement from new technology support," he said at a news conference on June 11.

"Ecological protection and recovery is comprehensive long-term work. The plan will serve as a guide for related departments at all levels to make detailed plans. And all those efforts will lay a solid foundation for China to realize its goal of building a beautiful country," Wu said.

Under the plan, nine major projects on ecological protection will be promoted in the next 15 years, covering many parts of the country, including the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the forest area in Northeast China, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

The Ministry of Natural Resources has specified efforts that need to be made in those core regions and made detailed protection plans under the nine projects, said Zhou Yuanbo, a senior official with the ministry.

Along the Yellow River, for example, he said five protection plans will be conducted to tackle water loss and soil erosion, further improve the environment along the Yellow River and protect endangered wildlife in the region, such as the giant panda and crested ibis.

According to the plan, China will have at least 18 percent of the country's territorial land as natural reserve by 2035 via the establishment of a natural reserve protection mechanism, with national parks as a crucial part.

Since 2015, China has approved 10 pilot national parks covering more than 220,000 square kilometers across the country, including the Qilian Mountains National Park in Gansu and Qinghai provinces, and the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.

The pilot national parks have successfully contributed to saving endangered wildlife, according to Yan Zhen, an official from the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.

In Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, for example, the Siberian tiger and Amur leopard－two species noted as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List－h(huán)ave seen their numbers increase. The total population of the Siberian tiger now stands at 27, with the Amur leopard at 42.

With the pilot program ending this year, Yan said the programs that will become China's first batch of national parks will serve as a model for environmental protection work in other regions.